Similarly, the Embedding function can be used to simulate matching circuits for optimizing amplifier designs or simply adding effects of a known structure to a measurement. The de-embedding can be applied to a calibration and then stored for future measurements. De-embedding is generally used for removal of test fixture contributions and other S2P networks from measurements. Embedding/De-embedding: Manipulate S2P networks to automatically remove fixtures and devices or add effects of a known structure. The result is a real-time display of the de-embedding characteristics of the device under test. The NxN application module for mixer measurements includes capabilities for characterizing the IF path of frequency translation device measurements. By measuring the response characteristics of device pairs, the Lightning VNA will solve for device pairs and de-embed the characteristics. The NxN application provides an accurate method of measuring frequency translated devices, such as mixers, providing both magnitude and phase information and the unique ability to measure absolute phase (group) delay. The 37000D has better system dynamic range than the 37000C The 37000D has new measurements not available on the 37000C: Mixer Measurements: Directly measure frequency translation devices utilizing the NxN multiple device solution utility. One of the main differences is that the 37000D series supports LAN communication, whereas the 37000C does not. Since initial installation of Watchtower Library does not include the library content, follow these steps to download the content: a. Double-click the downloaded file, then follow the on-screen instructions to install Watchtower Library. The decision to upgrade, of course, depends on what you hope to gain through the upgrade. Select a language from the list, then select the Download button for the Watchtower Library.
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